Sloth Bear Spotted Near Shivamogga Airport
Context
Officials of the Karnataka Forest Department recently captured a sloth bear that had been moving through villages near Shivamogga airport. The animal was fitted with a GPS radio collar, suggesting it was under prior tracking or conservation monitoring.
Species Overview
Scientific Identity – Scientifically known as Melursus ursinus, it is commonly referred to as the Indian bear.
Specialisation – It is a myrmecophagous species, primarily feeding on ants and termites.
Distribution & Habitat
Geographical Range – Distributed across India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
Habitat Preference – Inhabits tropical lowland forests and occasionally tall grasslands that provide dense cover.
Morphology & Adaptations
Physical Traits – Characterised by long, shaggy black or dark brown fur with a pale chest marking and light snout.
Feeding Adaptations –
- Nostrils can close to prevent insect entry.
- Lack of upper incisors aids in suction feeding.
Tracks – Footprints closely resemble those of humans.
Size & Behaviour
Body Dimensions – Typically 5–6 feet in length and weighs between 55–145 kg; males are larger.
Activity Pattern – Mostly nocturnal or active during dawn and dusk; does not hibernate.
Unique Trait – Known for carrying cubs on its back.
Dietary Pattern
Primary Food – Termites and ants dominate the diet (up to 95% during non-fruiting seasons).
Other Foods – Honey, sugarcane, fruits (mango, fig), eggs, and flowers such as Mahua.
Conservation Status
IUCN Listing – Vulnerable
Legal Protection – Included in Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972
CITES – Appendix I
Major Threats
Habitat Loss – Due to deforestation and expanding human settlements.
Human Conflict – Frequent encounters with humans leading to injuries.
Illegal Capture – Cubs historically taken for performances (dancing bears), though now declining.
Source : The Hindu