India’s Overseas Citizenship: Rights, Restrictions, and Impact

Context

PM Narendra Modi presented the OCI card to Mauritius PM Navinchandra Ramgoolam, calling it a "proof of friendship" between the two nations. Mauritius has a large Indian-origin population, making this a significant diplomatic move.

Background

• The OCI scheme was introduced in 2005 via an amendment to the Citizenship Act, 1955.
• It provides foreign nationals of Indian origin certain rights without full Indian citizenship.

Key Provisions

Eligibility

• Those who were Indian citizens or eligible for citizenship on 26 January 1950.
• Descendants (children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren) of Indian citizens.
• Spouses of Indian citizens or OCI cardholders (with conditions).

Restrictions

• No political rights (voting, contesting elections, holding constitutional posts).
• No public service jobs, except those permitted by the government.
• Cannot own agricultural or plantation land.
• OCI can be revoked if laws are violated.

Benefits of OCI

• Lifelong, multiple-entry visa for India.
• Residency and work rights in India.
• Economic and educational parity with NRIs, except for agricultural land.
• Exemption from FRRO registration, regardless of stay duration.

OCI vs. Dual Citizenship

• India does not allow dual citizenship.
• OCI offers permanent residency benefits but not full citizenship.

Significance for India-Mauritius Relations

• 68% of Mauritius’ population is of Indian origin.
• Strengthens cultural, economic, and diplomatic ties.
• Enhances business, education, and people-to-people connections.