From Unpaid to Paid Work: Insights from Time Use Survey 2024

Context

The Time Use Survey (TUS) analyzes how individuals allocate their time across paid work, unpaid domestic work, caregiving, learning, and leisure. The 2024 survey, conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO), provides crucial data for policy-making in employment, gender equality, and social welfare.

Key Findings

1. Employment Trends

• 75% of men (15-59 years) and 25% of women participated in employment in 2024 (up from 70.9% and 21.8% in 2019).

2. Shift from Unpaid to Paid Work

• Women’s unpaid domestic work declined from 315 minutes (2019) to 305 minutes (2024), indicating a shift toward paid work.

3. Caregiving Responsibilities

• 41% of women and 21.4% of men (15-59 years) engaged in caregiving.
• Women spent 140 minutes/day, while men spent 74 minutes/day on caregiving.

4. Learning & Education

• 89.3% of children (6-14 years) participated in learning, spending 413 minutes/day.

5. Leisure & Recreation

• 11% of daily time was spent on culture, leisure, and media (up from 9.9% in 2019).

6. Self-Care & Maintenance

• 708 minutes/day spent on self-care (Men: 710 min, Women: 706 min).

Policy Relevance

• Gender Equality: More women joining paid work, but caregiving remains unequal.
• Employment: Growth in female workforce participation requires supportive policies.
• Education: High learning participation supports human capital development.
• Well-being: Increased leisure time reflects changing social patterns.

Conclusion

The survey highlights shifting gender roles, increasing paid work, and evolving lifestyle trends. These insights are crucial for policy reforms in employment, gender equity, and social welfare.